Hypothesizing
Sadasnjost
wish + Past Simple
I wish I had more time.
If only I had more money.
Proslost
wish + Past Perfect
I wish I had studied harder.
If only I had seen the warning sign.
Prituzba
wish + would + inf
I wish you would stop talking.
I wish he wouldn't leave his clothes on the floor.
wish + would NIKAD za sebe!
It's time
It's time + Past Simple
It's time you went to bed.
Would rather
I'd rather + Past Simple
I'd rather you stayed home.
I'd rather you didn't smoke in here.
If only vs Wish
Isto znacenje, if only je dramaticniji.
I wish I were taller = If only I were taller
Na ispitu uvijek pisi WERE (ne was)!
Primjeri iz zadataka
| Original | Wish / If only forma |
|---|---|
| It's a pity you can't drive. | I wish you could drive. |
| I regret not saving more money. | If only I had saved more money. |
| He always leaves his clothes on the floor. | I wish he wouldn't leave his clothes on the floor. |
| It's a shame we didn't see the warning sign. | If only we had seen the warning sign. |
| I'd prefer you didn't smoke in here. | I'd rather you didn't smoke in here. |
| They didn't study, so they failed. | If only they had studied. |
Conditionals
Zero — opce istine
If + Pres. Simple → Pres. Simple
If you heat ice, it melts.
Nema "will"!
1st — realna buduca situacija
If + Pres. Simple → will + inf
If it doesn't rain, we will go to the beach.
2nd — nerealno, sadasnjost
If + Past Simple → would + inf
If I were you, I wouldn't say that.
Samo Past Simple u if-dijelu.
3rd — nerealno, proslost
If + Past Perfect → would have + PP
If she had studied harder, she would have passed.
Vidis "had + glagol" u if-dijelu = 3rd!
Mixed
If + Past Perfect → would + inf
If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
2nd vs 3rd — kako raspoznati
Zlatno pravilo
Vidis had + glagol u if-dijelu? → 3rd conditional.
Samo Past Simple? → 2nd conditional.
"had had" nije greska — prvi had je pomocni, drugi je glavni glagol.
Samo Past Simple? → 2nd conditional.
"had had" nije greska — prvi had je pomocni, drugi je glavni glagol.
Primjeri (Slika 3)
| Tip | Primjer |
|---|---|
| 2nd | If I knew your number, I would phone you. (sad ne znam) |
| 2nd | She would get mad if you didn't keep your promise. |
| 3rd | If I had had your phone number, I would have called you. |
| 3rd | If the lifeboat hadn't rescued the sailors, they would have drowned. |
| 3rd | If you had asked me to keep it secret, I wouldn't have said a word. |
Modals in the Past modal + have + PP
shouldn't have
Bilo je pogresno, ali si to ucinio.
You shouldn't have told her the secret. / You shouldn't have driven so fast.
should have
Trebao si, ali nisi.
You should have studied more. / He should have apologised.
needn't have
Nije trebalo, ali si ucinio.
You needn't have waited — she was already there.
needn't have = need not have (oba idu na ispitu)
must have
Siguran si da je tako (~95%).
She must have studied a lot. / He must have been lying.
can't have
Siguran si da nije (~95%).
She can't have stolen it. / He can't have forgotten — I reminded him 3 times!
could have
Mogao si, ali nisi.
You could have called me — I was worried!
might/may have
Mozda se dogodilo (~30-50%).
He might have missed the bus. / She may have forgotten.
Kljucna razlika
shouldn't have
Pogresno je bilo sto si cekao.
needn't have
Nije bilo potrebno cekati (ali si cekao).
Uvijek: modal + have + Past Participle
needn't have WAITED (ne "to wait") | might have MISSED (ne "miss")
needn't have WAITED (ne "to wait") | might have MISSED (ne "miss")
Modals of Probability
Sadasnjost
must (~95%)
She must be busy. / He must be exhausted.
can't (~95% NE)
That can't be John — he's in Paris! / He can't be serious.
should (~80%)
They should be home by now.
may (~50%)
She may be at home.
might/could (~30-40%)
It might rain later. / She could be wrong.
Proslost — modal + have + PP
must have
She must have been starving. / He must have studied a lot.
can't have
She can't have stolen it. / They can't have arrived yet.
should have
They left early so they should have arrived home by now.
might/may have
He might have missed the bus. / She may have forgotten.
could have
It could have been worse.
Nepravilni glagoli
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| A–B | ||
| be | was / were | been |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| break | broke | broken |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| buy | bought | bought |
| C–D | ||
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| cut | cut | cut |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| E–G | ||
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feel | felt | felt |
| find | found | found |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| get | got | got / gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grow | grew | grown |
| H–L | ||
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| know | knew | known |
| learn | learnt / learned | learnt / learned |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lose | lost | lost |
| M–R | ||
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| put | put | put |
| read | read | read |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| S–Z | ||
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| show | showed | shown |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| swim | swam | swum |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| win | won | won |
| write | wrote | written |